Procedures for the prevention and treatment of white spots in the internal organs disease of fingerling catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

1. CAUSE OF DISEASE

- White spots in the internal organs disease of fingerling catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) caused by Edwarsiella ictaluri.

 

Figure 1: Edwardsiella ictalurid bacteria

Figure 2: Bacteria that cause disease after Gram staining

2. SIGNS AND CONDITIONS OF DISEASE

                                                             Figure 3: Appearance of diseased catfish                                               Figure 4: Internal appearance of diseased catfish

- Fish are lethargic, somber disorientation, white, red head, reddened, bleeding under the skin, fins, anus. (Picture 3)

 - Intrinsic bleeding, red, dark swelling. Liver, kidneys, and depending on organs appear a lot of tiny white pus spots. (Picture 4)

- The disease appears mostly in the rearing stages with strong outbreaks in the rainy season, cold weather, low oxygen content (June-December).

3. DISEASE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT SOLUTIONS

1. Disease prevention solutions

 - Improve pond water environment:

+ Periodically, water desinfection with GLUMAX (1L/4,000 - 5,000m3 of water).

+ Adding micro-organisms with VB-EM (5L/3,000m3 water) improves water quality and compete with pathogenic bacteria.

 - Increasing resistance for fingerling catfish:

+ Prevention of internal and external parasites, VB-PRAZI_concentrated (1Kg/20-25 tons of fish).

+ Periodically supplement, BIO-X_pro + VB12_pro (1Kg/L/10-15 tons of fish) to support digestion, enhance liver and kidney function.

2. Treatment solutions

- Case 1: Fingerling catfish just have white spots in the internal organs disease

+ Cut feed, do not change water and use BIO-POND_pro to degassing toxic gases, stabilize the water environment.

 + Use GLUMAX to disinfect pond water.

 + Reduce the amount of feed (about 50%) and combine using VB-RIDO_super + VB-GENTA_concentrated to mix with fish feed.

- Case 2: Fish superinfected with tail rot disease (Flavobacterium columnare bacteria)

 + Do not change water, use BIO-POND_pro (8 am) to stabilize the pH, absorb toxic gases, and deposit heavy metals.

 + Use PRONAZOL (10 am) to kill bacteria and fungi in water.

 + Reduce the amount of feed (50%) and combine treated with VB-RIDO_super + VB-ANTIDIA_concentrated.

- Case 3: Fish superinfected with an external parasitic disease.

 + Using BIO-POND_pro to absorb toxic gases, suspended substances, clean the pond water environment.

 + Use DE AGA (10 am) to kill bacteria, parasites.

 + Reduce the amount of feed (50%) and treated with VB-PRAZI_concentrated (2 days) + VB-RIDO_super + VB-GENTA_concentrated.

* Note: In case of fish liver is weak - white liver, inflamed kidneys, it is necessary to combine BETA-50 new product to support liver and kidney recovery for fish.